Global Fumaric Acid Market Size and Share Outlook - Forecast Trends and Growth Analysis Report (2024-2032)

Fumaric Acid Market Insights

• Usage of fumaric acid as food additive is determined by several regulatory bodies, including EFSA and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).
• As per industry reports, approximately 53.8% of food products contain at least one food additive, with 11.3% containing five or more additives. This demonstrates fumaric acid demand and adoption in food industry.
• Food items with the highest prevalence of food additives include artificially sweetened beverages (99.4%), ice creams (95.0%), and sandwiches (88.7%).
• The most frequently used additives include citric acid, lecithins, fumaric acid, and modified starches, each found in over 10,000 products.

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Fumaric Acid Market Overview

Fumaric acid, having the chemical formula, C4H4O4, is produced through the oxidation of succinic acid, with the help of succinate dehydrogenase. It is a dicarboxylic acid, which is found naturally in the form of a colourless crystalline powder in eukaryotes, bolete mushrooms, lichens, and Iceland moss. It also occurs in the human body when the skin comes in meet direct sunlight. It is widely used as a food additive due to its sour taste.

The growth of the fumaric acid market is driven by its extensive applications in industries such as food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, and unsaturated polyester resins. In the food industry, fumaric acid is commonly used as a flavour enhancer and acidulant in beverages, with increasing demand due to the rise in processed food consumption. For example, a consumer survey by the USDA highlighted that processed food consumption has grown by nearly 10% annually in the U.S. over the past five years, fuelilng demand for food additives like fumaric acid. 

Additionally, there is a rising focus on food preservation and fumaric acid plays a crucial role in extending shelf life, leading to fumaric acid demand growth.  Moreover, the pharmaceutical industry uses fumaric acid in drug formulations for conditions like psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. The growing use of unsaturated polyester resins in construction and automotive sectors, both of which are supported by government infrastructure programs and consumer demand for lightweight materials, further supports the market's expansion.

Fumaric Acid Market Trends

Rising Construction Activities in Asia Pacific and Latin America

Construction and infrastructure development have surged in regions like Asia Pacific and Latin America due to urbanisation and economic growth. In India, for example, the government’s “Housing for All” initiative aims to build 20 million affordable homes, fuelling demand for paints and unsaturated polyester resins (UPR), which require fumaric acid as a key ingredient. Similarly, Brazil’s construction sector saw an 8.2% increase in 2022, according to a report by the Brazilian Chamber of the Construction Industry, further bolstering the demand for construction materials like UPR and fumaric acid market expansion.

Increase in Automobile Production

The global automotive industry has seen consistent growth, particularly in Asia Pacific and Europe. According to the International Organisation of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA), global automobile production reached over 80 million units in 2022. As automotive manufacturers increasingly adopt lightweight materials like unsaturated polyester resins (which incorporate fumaric acid) to enhance vehicle efficiency, the fumaric acid demand forecast in this sector is looks positive.

Accelerating Application in Pharmaceuticals

Fumaric acid’s expanding role in pharmaceutical applications is a key growth driver. Its use in the treatment of autoimmune diseases like psoriasis and multiple sclerosis has gained traction, with fumarate-based drugs such as Biogen's Tecfidera becoming popular treatments. A report by the World Health Organisation (WHO) highlights that chronic diseases such as psoriasis are increasing globally, with nearly 125 million people affected by psoriasis worldwide, driving the demand for fumaric acid-based treatments. As research continues into fumaric acid’s therapeutic benefits, particularly in dermatology and neurology, this trend in the fumaric acid market is expected to continue.

Industry News

June 2024

BASF advanced its research on Basfia succiniciproducens, a bacterium capable of converting sugar and carbon dioxide into fumaric acid. This initiative, part of the FUMBIO project in collaboration with three German universities, aims to genetically enhance the bacterium for increased fumarate production during fermentation. The CO2 used in this process is being sourced from industrial off-gas streams, potentially reducing the carbon footprint of product production and resulting in fumaric acid market development.

January 2023

Bartek Ingredients commenced constructing the world's largest malic and fumaric acid facility in Stoney Creek, Ontario, Canada. The USD 175 million project aims to double the company’s production capacity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by over 80% per unit. Expected to be operational by the end of 2024, the facility will also enhance product capabilities across food and beverages.

Opportunities in Fumaric Acid Market

One major opportunity lies in the rising investments in bio-based fumaric acid by manufacturers to reduce their carbon footprint. A notable example is the EU-funded “Re-Industrialise” project, which is exploring renewable sources for fumaric acid production. These innovations are attracting significant investments from both private companies and governmental bodies, presenting avenues for industry participants to meet the growing demand for eco-friendly chemicals and thus, influencing fumaric acid market dynamics and trends.

In addition, the global shift towards healthier eating habits has also led to an increase in demand for nutritional products such as protein bars and cereals. According to a consumer survey by the International Food Information Council (IFIC), 70% of consumers worldwide are seeking products with added functional benefits, such as enhanced energy or protein content. Fumaric acid, used as a preservative and flavour enhancer in these products, is seeing rising use in response to this trend. Leading companies like General Mills and Kellogg’s have expanded their nutritional product portfolios, further driving demand for fumaric acid.

Fumaric Acid Market Restraints

One of the key restraints in the market is the volatility in raw material prices, particularly for petrochemical-based inputs such as maleic anhydride, which accounts for around 60-70% of the total production cost of fumaric acid. Fluctuations in crude oil prices significantly impact maleic anhydride costs, which can vary by as much as 20-30% annually. For instance, during the oil price slump in 2020, crude oil prices dropped to historic lows of under USD 20 per barrel, while in 2021, prices surged back above USD 70 per barrel. These shifts caused significant fluctuations in the cost of producing fumaric acid, which has subsequently impacted fumaric acid market revenue as well.

Additionally, environmental regulations are tightening, particularly in Europe, where the European Union’s REACH regulations impose stricter controls on chemical manufacturing. This has led to increased compliance costs, estimated to raise operating expenses by 10-15% for manufacturers. Furthermore, competition from alternative acidulants like citric acid, which has a global production capacity of over 2.5 million tonnes compared to fumaric acid's 250,000 tonnes, challenges the market. Citric acid is often preferred due to its lower price, around USD 1,000-1,200 per tonne compared to fumaric acid, which can reach USD 1,800-2,000 per tonne depending on market conditions. These factors collectively act as restraints on the growth of the market.

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Fumaric Acid Industry Segmentation

“Fumaric Acid Market Report and Forecast 2024-2032” offers a detailed analysis of the market based on the following segments:

Market Breakup by Application

• Food Additives
• Rosin-Sized Sheathing Paper
• Unsaturated Polyester Resins
• Alkyd Resins
• Others

Market Breakup by End Use Industry

• Food and Beverages
• Cosmetics
• Pharmaceuticals
• Chemicals

Market Breakup by Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East and Africa

Fumaric Acid Market Share

By Application Insights

Fumaric acid is widely used in the food industry as an acidulant and preservative, particularly in processed foods, beverages, and bakery products. According to a USDA report, approximately 70% of the American diet consists of processed and ultra-processed foods, driving demand for food additives like fumaric acid. Additionally, government initiatives promoting food safety and preservation have increased its usage in extending shelf life. For example, major food brands like PepsiCo use fumaric acid in flavoured drinks and snacks.

Fumaric acid is also used in the paper industry, particularly in rosin-sized sheathing paper, which enhances water resistance and durability. The global demand for rosin-sized paper is rising due to increased packaging needs, particularly in Asia Pacific. A report by the China National Bureau of Statistics highlighted a 15% annual increase in paper and cardboard production, which supports the growing demand for fumaric acid in paper manufacturing, further resulting in fumaric acid market growth.

Additionally, fumaric acid is essential in the production of UPR, which is widely used in construction, automotive, and marine industries. With growing infrastructure projects in regions like Asia Pacific and Latin America, demand for UPR has surged. For instance, India's construction industry grew by 12% in 2022, according to government reports, boosting the use of UPR and, consequently, fumaric acid.  As per the fumaric acid industry analysis, the product is also used in alkyd resin production, which is widely used in paints and coatings. The rising environmental regulations around low-VOC (volatile organic compounds) coatings further boost the demand for alkyd resins made with fumaric acid due to their improved environmental profile.

By End Use Industry Insights

Fumaric acid is commonly used as a food additive to enhance flavour and extend shelf life. The growing consumption of processed and convenience foods, especially in North America and Asia Pacific, is driving demand. A 2022 report by the European Commission indicated that processed food sales in the region grew by 8%, reflecting rising demand for shelf-stable products. Major brands like Coca-Cola and PepsiCo use fumaric acid in their beverages and snack products to maintain product stability and taste, making this segment a key contributor to fumaric acid market share.

Fumaric acid also plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Biogen’s Tecfidera, a fumarate-based drug, has seen widespread use for multiple sclerosis treatment, with the company reporting a 5% growth in sales in 2022. As the global prevalence of these chronic diseases rises, the fumaric acid demand in drug formulations is expected to continue growing.

In cosmetics, fumaric acid is used as a pH adjuster and anti-inflammatory agent in skin care products. With the global shift towards organic and sustainable cosmetics, fumaric acid derived from natural sources is gaining traction. A report by L’Oréal notes that the global beauty market grew by 8% in 2023, with rising demand for bio-based ingredients. Fumaric acid’s antioxidant properties make it a valuable ingredient in anti-ageing and acne treatment products.

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Fumaric Acid Market Regional Insights

North America Fumaric Acid Market Trends

North America is a significant market for fumaric acid, driven by high demand in the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and construction industries. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved fumaric acid for use as a food additive, boosting its demand in processed foods and beverages. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), ultra-processed food account for approximately 60% of daily calorie intake in the United States.

Asia Pacific Fumaric Acid Market Drivers

Asia Pacific is the fastest-growing market for fumaric acid, with high demand driven by rapid industrialisation, expanding construction activities, and a growing food and beverage sector. According to India’s Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, the Indian government has allocated approximately INR 11.1 trillion (around USD 135.4 billion) for capital expenditure in the fiscal year 2024-25, which is about 3.4% of the GDP. This represents an 11.1% increase from the previous fiscal year. The rising infrastructural development activities is also boosting demand for unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) that use fumaric acid. Additionally, China's expanding packaged food market, driven by increasing disposable incomes, has increased the need for food additives like fumaric acid. The China National Bureau of Statistics reported a 15% rise in packaged food production in 2022, further fuelling demand.

Europe Fumaric Acid Market Opportunities

In Europe, stringent EU regulations on food safety and quality are promoting the use of fumaric acid as a preservative in various food products. The European Commission has also reported an increased focus on bio-based chemicals, encouraging companies to develop eco-friendly fumaric acid alternatives. For example, Reverdia, a Dutch company, is pioneering bio-based fumaric acid production to cater to the region’s demand for sustainable chemicals. The region’s strong pharmaceutical industry also contributes to growing demand, especially in treatments for psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases.

Middle East and Africa Fumaric Acid Market Growth

The Middle East and Africa (MEA) region is witnessing steady growth in the fumaric acid market, mainly due to rising infrastructure projects and the food and beverage industry. According to a report by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), construction activities in the region are projected to grow by more than 6% in 2024, driven by large-scale projects in countries like Saudi Arabia and the UAE. These projects are boosting demand for UPR and alkyd resins, which use fumaric acid.

Fumaric Acid Market Overview of Innovative Start-ups

Start-ups are increasingly concentrating on the development of sustainable, bio-based production techniques to lessen dependence on petrochemical feedstocks. In response to the rising demand for environmentally friendly solutions, these enterprises are striving to innovate in cost-effective and eco-conscious manufacturing methods. For instance, companies such as BioAmber are at the forefront of producing bio-based fumaric acid from renewable resources, thereby aligning with global sustainability initiatives. Furthermore, these start-ups are investigating specialised applications in rapidly expanding sectors like pharmaceuticals, where fumaric acid is used in drug formulations, as well as in the food and beverage industry, particularly for clean-label and preservative-free offerings. Notable start-ups contributing to a positive fumaric acid market outlook include:

Reverdia, established in 2018 as a collaboration between DSM and Roquette and located in Delft, Netherlands, is a significant player in the production of bio-based fumaric and succinic acids. The company has successfully implemented its patented low-carbon manufacturing technology, producing bio-based succinic acid under the brand name Biosuccinium. Reverdia's commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has facilitated partnerships with leading chemical firms. Its facility in Cassano Spinola, Italy, was among the first to achieve industrial-scale production of bio-based succinic acid.

BioAmber Inc., founded in 2008 and headquartered in Montreal, Canada, stands out as one of the most successful start-ups in the fumaric acid market landscape, recognised for its emphasis on bio-based chemicals. The company was a pioneer in the production of bio-based succinic acid, which acts as a precursor for fumaric acid, using renewable resources. BioAmber successfully raised over USD 80 million during its initial public offering (IPO) in 2013 and established a commercial-scale production facility in Sarnia, Ontario. Its innovative methodologies have significantly contributed to reducing the environmental impact of chemical manufacturing.

Competitive Landscape

Fumaric acid market players are concentrating on several key areas. Companies such as Fuso Chemical Co., Ltd. and Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation are using fumaric acid as an acidulant in a range of products, including beverages, baked goods, and confectionery items. Additionally, firms like Kraton Corporation are investing in advanced production techniques aimed at improving yield and lowering costs. Manufacturers like Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. are incorporating fumaric acid into pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, numerous companies are investigating bio-based production methods to meet the increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly products.

Key Industry Players

Bartek Ingredients Inc., established in 1969 and based in Ontario, Canada, operates across 35 countries and is recognised as the leading global producer of malic and food-grade fumaric acid. The company also offers innovative solutions such as Uplift Taste Modification Technology and Pecmate Pectin Enhancer.

Prinova Group LLC, founded in 2006 and located in Illinois, United States, has a presence in over 30 countries. Its product range includes fumaric acid for flavour formulations, custom nutritional premixes designed for specific dietary requirements, and PlantGuard AM, a clean-label natural preservative. 

Fuso Chemical Co., Ltd., established in 1949 and headquartered in Osaka, Japan, operates in around 20 countries. The company supplies fumaric acid to improve taste and shelf life, along with maleic anhydride and speciality resins and coatings for the construction and automotive industries. 

Polynt SpA, founded in 1955 and based in Scanzorosciate, Italy, operates in more than 30 countries globally. Its product portfolio includes fumaric acid, unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) for construction and automotive applications, alkyd resins for coatings, and speciality chemicals for emulsifiers.

Recent Developments

March 2024

Shionogi's Xocova (ensitrelvir fumaric acid) gained standard approval in Japan as the first COVID-19 antiviral. The approval was based on positive results from the Phase 3 SCORPIO-SR study, which demonstrated both clinical and antiviral efficacy in a predominantly vaccinated population with mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection. As research in pharmaceutical industry grows, fumaric acid market opportunities are also increasing.

August 2019

NAGASE Group acquired Prinova Group to enhance its presence in the food and nutrition sectors. This acquisition allowed NAGASE to leverage Prinova's expertise in premium nutrition ingredients, expanding its operations across North America, Europe, and Asia.